1.History of Photography
The first picture was made in 1826 for eight hours. Louis Jacques Mande Daquerre is the father of photography (1837). Obcura camera is a camera that was first used for drawing and photographing. Kodak camera (Kodak Eastmant) was first discovered by Snapshooter 1888 in America. The contribution to the world in film photography was pioneered by Muybridge Eadward. The flash was discovered by Harold E. Edgerton in 1938. Making portraits of inanimate objects is called still life. Hendri film negative inventor John Fox Talbot of England. Negative film was made for 40 seconds under the blazing sun.
2. Digital Cameras differences with Analog cameras
The digital camera has not been able to capture all the colours reflected by the sun but generated more contrasting colours. Digital cameras are also less sensitive.
Analog cameras were almost able to capture all the colours that are reflected by the sun and analog cameras are also quite sensitive.
Analog cameras to record the colour negative film, slides and black and white positive Film.
Digital cameras record the pixels (picture elements / basic elements of the film)
*sample photo of clouds taken by a Nikon D90
3.Recording Technology
Analog: Using media celluloid film through chemical poses
Instant: Using the direct printing of instant paper
Digital: Using light-sensitive sensor combined with an electronic process
4.Distorsion
· Normal
· Barrel
· Pincushion
5. Equipment and Photography Supplies
CAMERA
Divided into several types, among others:
a. Manual SLR
b. SLR Automatic (no auto focus but it uses batteries)
c. Basic Compact
d. Advanced Compact
e. Waterproof Camera (a camera that can be used in water only up to a depth of 5 meters).
f. Underwater Camera (a camera that can be used in water up to depths of over 5 meters and is equipped with a Flash).
g. Wide-View Camera
h. Anoramic Camera
i. Large Format Camera
j. Illusion camera (a camera that can capture the spirits)
*sample photo of a Nikon D300
Variety Type of Camera 1.According to Lens
View Finder Camera (Range Finder Camera), commonly referred to as pocket camera / instamatic. Single Lens Reflex (SLR), Twin Lens Reflex (TLR), View Camera.
2. According to the film format
· Size 135 mm (Roll Film)
· Size 120 mm / 220 mm (Roll Film)
· Size 4 x5 inch (sheet film)
· Size 8 x10 inch (sheet film)
3. According to the image size
Camera 35 mm = 24 x 36 mm
Larga Camera Format = 6 × 4.5-inch and 8 x 10 inch
Medium format camera = 6 x 4.5 cm; 6 x 6 cm; 6 x 7 cm, 6 x 9 cm; 6 x 12 cm
4. According to the Recording System Technology
LENSES
Divided into several types, among others:
1. Fixed Lens (Fixed Focal Length)
· Standard lens / Normal lens (Focal Length 50 mm)
· Wide Angle lens (Focal length under 50mm) has a large enough coverage / broad.
· Long Focus Lens / Tele lens (Focal length above 50 mm).
2.Zoom Lens (Variable Focal Length)
The lens can be changed from the zoom lens to the wide lens / telephoto lens.
3.Wide Angle Zoom (21-35 mm)
4.Telephoto Zoom (above 50 mm of 75 mm, etc.)
5. Special Lens
· Macro Lens
· Telephoto lens
· Eye Feace
· Lens Shift
6.Mirror Lens
Flash, Light Meter (exposure meters, how to measure the light)
Filter (corrective and creative filter)
Accessories (camera support equipment)
CLASSIFICATION OF 35 MM LENSES
Fixed Focal Length Lens called Fixed Lens
Variable Focal Length called Zoom Lens
6.LIGHTING
A) ASA (American Standard Association)
ASA / ISO / DIN / JIS
= 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800
the higher the ASA the more it is sensitive to light
B) Speed Shutter (speed) is comprised of:
4 sec, 2 sec, 1 sec, ½ sec; ¼ sc; 1 / 8 sec, 1 / 5 sec, 1 / 30 sec, 1 / 60 sec, 1 / 125 sec, 1 / 250 sec, 1 / 500 sec; 1 / 1000 sec, 1 / 2000 sec;
C) Aperture (Diaphragm Opening):
f/1.4, f / 8.2, f/5.5, f / 8, f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32, f/45, f/64, f/90
7.FAVORITE PHOTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
· Auto Focus (no focus)
· Selective Focus (selected focus)
Sharpening on certain objects by using a specific object.
· Freezing (freeze motion technique using a high-speed).
· Blur (a technique to record the impression of movement by using a slow speed)
· Panning (depending on the object and subject)
· Zooming (zoom lenses)
· SilhouetteBulb
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